Distributed Systems

Distributed Systems

Module 1(4 marks)

1.       What are replication and fragmentation?

2.       Explain resource sharing in distributed environment?

3.       How is network OS different from distributed OS?

4.       Define distributed system?

5.       What are internet protocols?

6.       Explain monolithic kernel of a distributed operating system?

7.       What are the transparency issues associated with distributed system?

8.       Explain tunneling with example?

9.       Why architectural model is important in the distributed system design?

10.   Define the term “distributed systems”?

11.   What is resource sharing and its importance?

12.   Explain relevance of internet protocol in distributed systems?

13.   What are replication and fragmentation?

14.   Explain resource sharing in distributed environment?

15.   What is API for internet protocol?

16.   Differentiate threads and processes?

17.   Why are threads so important for distributed system?

18.   Give four examples of resources to be shared in distributed system?

19.   What is meant by internetworking? What are the main issues in internet-working?

20.   Why is scalability an important feature in the design of a distributed system?

21.   What are the major issues relating to UDP datagram communication?

22.   What is a middleware? What do we expect it to solve? Illustrate with CORBA?

23.   Explain the difference among the following terms:

i)                    Bridge

ii)                    router

iii)                 Gateway

24.   Why is heterogeneity unavoidable in many distributed system?

25.   Why is there no explicit data typing in CORBA CDR?

MODULE I (ESSAY)

1.       Explain major networking issues for a distributed system design?

2.       The address resolution module is responsible for address conversion .how?

3.       Explain tunneling in network systems?

4.       How internetworking can be done? Explain with an example?

5.       How communication is done in mobile IP?

6.       Compare synchronous distributed systems and asynchronous distributed systems?

7.       Explain different failure in distributed system?

8.       Explain IP version 6.How this can be migrated from IPv4?

9.       Compare the main features of TCP and UDP?

10.   Explain routing using an algorithm?

11.   Openness of a computer system is a major characteristic in distributed system design why?

12.   Explain network principles and discuss the functions of the various layers in the network?

13.   Discuss the general organization of a distributed computing system and explain their characteristic features?

14.   Explain any four applications of distributed systems?

15.   Discuss the major issues in designing a distributed operating system?

16.   Explain the main characteristics of a distributed event based system?

17.   Compare monolithic kernels and micro kernels?

18.   Compare serialized invocation and concurrent invocation?

MODULE II(4 marks)

1.       Define RPC and RMI?

2.       What is flow based routing algorithm?

3.       Define client-server concept?

4.       What is meant by process migration?

5.       What is multicast address allocation?

6.       Explain the features of a distributed file system?

7.       How does interprocess communication achieved in distributed systems?

8.       What are remote procedure call and appelets?

9.       Explain distributed object model?

10.   What is pretransferring?

11.   Discuss each of the tasks of encapsulation, concurrent processing, protection, name resolution in the case of an operating system?

12.   How objects are communicated in the distributed systems?

13.   IP multicastings suffer omission failure, how?

14.   Explain how the operating systems help the middleware layer to provide efficient remote invocation mechanisms?

15.   Compare may be invocation semantics and At least –once invocation semantics in RMI invocation?

16.   Explain flat file service operations?

17.   Explain two phase commit protocol?

18.   Explain deadlocks in a distributed system with examples?

MODULE III(4 marks)

1.       Define concurrent transaction?

2.       What are critical sections and locks?

3.       Explain address-space transfer mechanism?

4.       Define fault –tolerant services?

5.       What is fragmentation and replication in distributed systems?

6.       Explain concurrency control?

7.       Explain deadlocks in a distributed system with examples?

8.       Explain two phase commit protocol?

9.       Explain flat file service operations?

10.   How replications enhance the service in a distributed system?

11.   What are nested transactions and what is their role in a distributed system? In which way could they support distributed transaction?

12.   Explain how transparency is a major requirement in a distributed file system?

13.   Explain sequential consistency?

14.    Explain some limitations of flat transactions?

15.   What are the characteristics of a distributed file system?

16.   Define serializability and concurrency?

17.   What are the methods to prevent distributed deadlocks?

18.   Explain advantages of nested transactions?

19.   How replications enhance the service in distributed system?

20.   What are nested transactions and what is their role in a distributed system? In which way they could support distributed transaction?

21.   Explain how transparency is a major requirement in distributed file system?

22.   Explain how public key cryptography can be used for distributed system?

MODULE II(ESSAY)

1.       Explain external data representation and marshalling?

2.       What are distributed objects and remote invocations? How do the distributed objects communicate?

3.       Discuss the multicasting and multicast address allocation for the temporary and permanent group, what are its advantages of using multicasting?

4.       Explain the interprocess communication in UNIX as applied to a client server concept?

5.       Discuss extended data representation and marshalling?

6.       Explain relative advantages of using single servers and multiple servers for implementing a service?

7.       What are threads and processes? Explain the issues in designing a “threads package”?

8.       Explain the term “process migration” and its advantages?

9.       How we can implement group communication?

10.   What are the advantages of using multicasting facility in distributed system?

11.   Briefly explain multicast address allocation for temporary and permanent group?

12.   How garbage collection is done in distributed systems?

13.   Explain operating system layer?

14.   How the security techniques can be implemented in distributed system?

15.   How threads can be used in client and server process?

16.   How remote object referenced in language such as CORBA and JAVA?

17.   Explain events and notifications with an example?

18.   Explain external data representation and marshalling with an example?

19.   Explain the operating system architecture?

20.   The thread operation are most significant in cost explain. Do page fault present a problem for user level thread implementation?

21.   Briefly explain the inter process communication in an operating system?

22.   Explain the major issues for RNI?

23.   Describe a scenario in which a client could receive a reply from an earlier call?

24.   Define the semantics for and design a protocol for a group form of request reply interaction, for example using IP multicast?

25.   Explain the security policy in multiuser operating system?

26.   Describe any security policy with example?

MODULE III

1.       Explain SUN network file system and its enhancements?

2.       Compare linearizability and sequential consistency and why the latter is more practical to implement?

3.       Explain distributed transactions using two phase locking?

4.       What are the major design issues in distributed file system?

5.       Compare SUN network file system and ANDREW file system?

6.       Explain concurrency control in distributed transactions?

7.       Explain group communication?

8.       Explain fault tolerant services in a distributed system?

9.       Why should UFIDs be   unique across all possible file system? How is uniqueness for UFIDs ensured?

10.   Which features of the AFS design makes it more scalable than NFS ?what are  the limits on its scalability?

11.   Explain the file service architecture and network file system?

12.   Compare various methods of concurrency control and their advantages?

13.   Explain nested transactions and concurrency control in a distributed system?

14.   Discuss the advantages of a replication system model and group communication?

15.   What are synchronization and concurrency issues in distributed system?

16.   Explain significance of a fault tolerant service with fragmented and replicated data system?

17.   Explain major design requirement of distributed file system?

18.   Compare nested and flat distributed transactions?

19.   Explain system model?

20.   Explain the enhancements in AFS?

21.   Write short notes on:

i)                    Nested transactions

ii)                   ACID properties

iii)                 Optimistic concurrency control